Fish sauce, according to the ingredients on the bottle, it has anchovies, sugar, and salt. The 77% of fish extract definitely gives this fish sauce a strong...aroma. A little goes a long way. Thai and Vietnamese cooks use this in their stir fries, and make dipping sauces out of it. In fact, in many Thai/Viet restaurants have this stuff laying around like American joints have bottles of ketchup on their table. I've had this bottle for about 3 months now and it still looks like its new. If you decide to buy some, try to find the smallest bottle you can find.